| Solar panel | Solar panel are devices that transform sunlight into using solar cells. These are an eco-friendly and alternative energy source, minimizing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar energy collector is a system that collects sunlight to produce heat, usually used for water heating or room heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses solar radiation to generate warmth, which can be used for water heating systems, indoor heating, or electricity production. It is a sustainable and eco-friendly technology that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers GHG emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a charming blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | England is a historic country in the United Kingdom known for its rich cultural traditions, notable attractions, and lively urban areas like London. It boasts a varied terrain of gentle slopes, old castles, and bustling urban centers that combine heritage with modern innovation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Solar light is the organic illumination emitted by the sun, vital for existence on Earth as it provides power for photosynthesis and affects climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by synchronizing our circadian rhythms and enhancing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electromagnetic energy is a form of power resulting from the motion of electrically charged entities, primarily electrons. It powers numerous systems and systems, enabling today’s lifestyle and technological progress. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts solar radiation directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable energy source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are tiny particles with a negative electric charge that surround the nucleus of an atom, important for in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | DC is the single-direction stream of electric charge, generally produced by batteries, electrical sources, and solar panels. It provides a constant voltage or current, causing it crucial for electronic devices and low-voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A cell is a instrument that holds chemical energy and transforms it into electrical energy to power various electronic devices. It consists of multiple electrochemical cells, each comprising anode and cathode interposed by an electrolyte. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | A photovoltaic system converts sunlight immediately into power using solar panels made of semiconductor cells. It is an environmentally friendly energy option that minimizes reliance on fossil fuels and promotes sustainable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A solar power converter is a unit that changes direct current (DC) produced by solar panels into AC suitable for domestic use and grid connection. It is essential for maximizing energy efficiency and ensuring safe, reliable power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that flips polarity regularly, generally used in domestic and business power supplies. It permits effective transmission of electricity over long distances and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that manages the voltage level and current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from overcharging and harm. It provides efficient energy transfer and extends the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A survey tool is a device used to measure the size, quantity, or intensity of something accurately. It includes gadgets like scales, climate gauges, and barometers that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a mechanism that instantaneously the orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun's movement across the day, enhancing energy absorption. This innovation improves the efficiency of solar power systems by maintaining optimal sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Solar power plants are massive facilities that harness sunlight to produce electricity using numerous solar panels. They provide a sustainable and sustainable energy power, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and lowering carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Rooftop solar power involves installing photovoltaic panels on building roofs to generate electricity from sunlight. This renewable energy source helps reduce reliance on non-renewable fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-connected solar energy setup transforms sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It enhances energy efficiency and reduces reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to gain potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, CH4, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like fossil fuel combustion and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar satellite is an artificial satellite equipped with solar arrays that gather solar radiation and transform into electrical energy. This electricity is then beamed to the planet's surface for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Home energy storage systems store excess electricity generated from green sources or the power grid for later use, boosting energy self-sufficiency and effectiveness. These installations generally use batteries to provide backup energy, reduce energy expenses, and assist grid reliability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The history of solar panels chronicles the advancement and innovations in solar energy tech from the early invention of the solar effect to current advanced photovoltaic modules. It showcases major milestones, including the invention of the original silicon solar cell in 1954 and ongoing developments that have significantly enhanced energy conversion and cost-effectiveness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a French-born scientist famous for his pioneering work in the study of the photoelectric effect and glow. His experiments laid the groundwork for grasping how illumination interacts with particular substances to produce electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a UK electrical engineer and scientist known for finding out the photoconductivity of selenium in 1873. His work formed the basis for the creation of the photo-sensitive device and progress in initial photography and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | The Selenium framework is an open-source framework used for automating web browsers, enabling testers to mimic user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization of luminescence reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was indeed an United States creator who developed the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work established the basis for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | An coal-fired power plant generates electricity by burning coal to produce vapor that drives turbines connected to generators. This process releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with identifying the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductors. His work paved the way for modern solar energy technology and the manufacture of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a renowned innovative organization long-standing associated with AT&T, known for leading innovations in telecommunications, computing, and materials science. It has been the birthplace of numerous groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and number 14, widely known for its key role in the fabrication of electronic devices and solar cells. It is a solid, fragile crystal material with a bluish-gray shine, mainly utilized as a electronic component in the tech industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a little unit installed on each photovoltaic panel to transform direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This technology improves system performance, allows for improved performance oversight, and improves power output in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A solar cell is a device that converts sunlight immediately into electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is frequently used in photovoltaic systems to supply a green and sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a sustainable energy technology that offers renewable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | An photon is a basic particle which represents a unit of light plus other electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy and momentum and energy without containing rest mass. It has a key role in the relations between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena including reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The solar photoelectric effect is the process by which particular compounds transform sunlight straight into electricity through the production of electron-hole pairs. This phenomenon is the fundamental foundation behind solar cell technology, facilitating the capturing of solar solar power for electricity production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electronics is a slim slice of chip material, typically silicon, used as the foundation for fabricating integrated circuits. It functions as the primary platform where integrated circuits are built through methods like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a highly pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of solar panels and electronic systems due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its organized, orderly crystal lattice enables effective electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Thin film solar cells are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their light, flexible design, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a reduced expense. They use strata of semiconductor substances only a few micrometers thick to transform sunlight into usable electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the static forces exerted by the weight of structural elements and fixed equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as users, furnishings, and external influences. Both are essential considerations in engineering design to ensure safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components end-to-end, so the same current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits link components between the identical voltage source, allowing various paths for current. These layouts influence the circuit's overall resistance, current distribution, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electrical energy represents the speed at which electricity is conveyed by an electrical circuit, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. It is generated through various sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear, and green energy, and fundamental for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A watt is a standard of energy conversion in the metric system, representing the rate of energy flow or conversion. It is equivalent to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electrical potential difference between two points, which pushes the stream of electric current in a circuit. It is measured in volts and represents the work per individual charge ready to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A voltage is the standard unit of voltage, electric potential difference, and EMF in the SI system. It measures the voltage per coulomb between two points in an circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electric flow is the movement of electricity through a conductor, typically measured in amperes. It is necessary for powering electronic devices and facilitating the functioning of electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Amp is the measure of electrical flow in the SI units, symbolized as A. It measures the movement of electric charge through a circuit over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load is the term for the amount of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and Electrical load in a circuit. It affects the configuration and capacity of power systems to maintain reliable and optimized energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical housing used to safely house wire connections, providing a central point for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures organized and secure connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 connector is a standardized photovoltaic connector used to link solar panels in a reliable and trustworthy manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power offers a convenient and uniform method of delivering electrical energy to devices through standard ports. It is frequently used for powering and energizing a wide range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A power converter is a instrument that changes direct current (DC) from inputs like batteries or solar arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for domestic gadgets. It allows the application of standard electrical devices in settings where only direct current electricity is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | A battery pack is an collection of several individual batteries designed to store and supply electrical energy for multiple devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Solar tracking systems automatically adjust the position of solar panels to monitor the solar trajectory throughout the day, maximizing energy absorption. This innovation boosts the efficiency of solar power gathering by maintaining best solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a method used to enhance the energy production of solar panel setups by regularly modifying the working point to match the optimal power point of the solar panels. This procedure ensures the most efficient power harvesting, especially under changing weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | A power optimizer is a device used in solar energy systems to optimize energy output by individually improving the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a tool that tracks and evaluates the efficiency of solar power systems in live, offering valuable data on energy production and system status. It helps enhance solar power output by identifying faults early and ensuring optimal performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are flexible, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a economical and multi-functional alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert sunlight directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a sustainable energy source. They are commonly used in solar panels to generate electricity for homes, electronic gadgets, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of countless tiny silicon lattice structures, frequently used in solar panels and microchip production. Its manufacturing process involves fusing and restructuring silicon to generate a ultra-pure, polycrystalline form appropriate for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a high-purity form of silicon with a continuous lattice arrangement, making it highly efficient for use in solar panels and electronic devices. Its homogeneous structure allows for improved charge movement, resulting in higher efficiency compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics constitute a kind of thin-film solar system that provides a affordable and efficient option for extensive solar energy harvesting. They are known as their high absorption capability and comparatively affordable manufacturing fees in comparison with traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic devices are laminate photovoltaic cells that employ a multi-layered compound of Cu, In, gallium, and selenium to transform sunlight into electricity efficiently. They are recognized for their high light capturing performance, flexibility, and potential for compact, cost-effective solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Non-crystalline silicon is a amorphous atomic arrangement, making it easier to handle and more straightforward to layer than structured silicon. It is frequently used in solar panels and electronic devices due to its cost-effectiveness and versatile properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic panels aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing cutting-edge materials and pioneering techniques such as multi-junction stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on maximizing energy conversion, cutting costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-junction solar panels are advanced photovoltaic devices that utilize multiple p-n junctions layered in unison to capture a wider spectrum of the solar spectrum, greatly enhancing their efficiency. They are mostly used in space missions and advanced solar power systems due to their outstanding energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Solar panels on spacecraft serve as crucial elements that convert solar radiation into electricity to power onboard instrumentation. Generally lightweight, durable, and designed to operate efficiently in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are compounds composed of several elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metallic component, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer better performance in applications such as lasers, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency switching devices compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound-based semiconductor known for its excellent electron mobility and performance in RF and optoelectronic applications. It is often used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics employ focusing elements or mirrors to concentrate sunlight onto very efficient multi-band solar cells, substantially improving energy transformation efficiency. This technology is ideal for large-scale solar power plants in regions with direct sunlight, offering a affordable option for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Thin-film silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and bendable form factor. It offers a economical alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and portable energy devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a delicate coating of CuInGaSe2 as the solar semiconductor, known for superior performance and flexibility. They offer a easy-to-handle, cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels with reliable operation in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film describes a delicate layer of material, often measured in nm or μm, used in diverse technological uses. These layers are vital in electronics, optics, and coatings for their unique physical and chemical characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness solar energy to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a renewable and cost-effective energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to eco-preservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A thin film is a sheet of substance covering fractions of a nanometer to several micrometers in thickness, often applied to surfaces for functional purposes. These films are used in multiple sectors, including electronics industry, optical technologies, and medical applications, to modify surface characteristics or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nano units are measurement units equal to one-billionth of a meter, frequently used to describe minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Measuring tools are precision devices used to precisely measure tiny gaps or thicknesses, typically in manufacturing and production. They feature a scaled screw mechanism that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon disc is a narrow, circular piece of silicon crystal used as the platform for constructing semiconductor devices. It functions as the primary material in the fabrication of integrated circuits and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are flexible solar modules known for their excellent performance and adaptability, making them suitable for various uses. They utilize a multilayer layered semiconductor setup that converts sunlight immediately into electricity with remarkable effectiveness in low-light settings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in solar panels, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is recognized for being cost-effective and having a comparatively high efficiency in transforming sunlight into power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Solar PV systems convert solar energy directly into energy using photovoltaic cells, offering a renewable energy source for home, commercial, and utility-scale applications. They offer a environmentally friendly, renewable, and affordable way to cut down reliance on non-renewable energy sources and reduce carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a light-to-electricity device that transforms sunlight into electricity using a photosensitive dye to absorb light and create electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and adaptable alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells, with potential for see-through and portable applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanos semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and energy conversion through quantum size effects. This approach offers the possibility for lower-cost, bendable, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic photovoltaic devices are photoelectric devices that use carbon-based molecules, to convert sun's energy into electric power. They are easy to handle, flexible, and offer the potential for more affordable, broad solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a potential semiconductor compound used in layer solar panels due to its abundant and safe elements. Its excellent optoelectronic properties make it an desirable alternative for sustainable photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics solar-integrated building systems seamlessly incorporate solar power systems into the design of architectural elements, such as roof surfaces, facades, and fenestration. This innovative approach enhances energy efficiency while maintaining aesthetic appeal and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to pass through a material with minimal distortion, making objects behind clearly visible. Translucency allows light to diffuse through, making detailed visibility obscured but yet still permitting shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves the process of applying a light film to the inside or outside of vehicle or building panes to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It improves privacy, enhances energy efficiency, and adds a sleek aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A list of PV power stations information various extensive solar energy facilities around the planet, highlighting their output and positions. These plants serve a crucial role in sustainable energy production and worldwide efforts to cut carbon pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Solar power facilities are massive facilities that convert sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. They are essential in clean energy production, lessening dependence on fossil fuels, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of challenges such as pollution, global warming, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote eco-friendly methods and protect wild habitats. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Green energy comes from natural sources that are renewably sourced, such as the sun, air currents, and water. It offers a sustainable solution to non-renewable energy sources, reducing ecological footprint and enhancing sustainable energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as lignite, crude oil, and natural gas, are non-replenishable supplies formed over millions of years and are exhausted when used. They are the primary power sources for electricity generation and mobility but pose environmental and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various power sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, atomic energy, and renewable resources into electricity. This process typically occurs in power plants where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce electricity for power distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, poisonous elements such as plumbum, quicksilver, metallic cadmium, and arsenic that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Solar-cell efficiency assesses how well a photovoltaic device generates sunlight into usable electrical electricity. Improving this efficiency is crucial for increasing renewable energy output and cutting reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when light shining on a metal ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This phenomenon provided critical proof for the development of quantum physics by showing that photon energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves placing products to higher-than-normal stresses to rapidly assess their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps detect potential failures and enhance product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The increase of solar energy systems has quickened rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by technological advancements and reducing prices. This growth is changing the global energy landscape by boosting the share of sustainable solar power in electricity generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar relates to large solar power installations intended to generate electricity on a commercial scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These installations typically cover vast areas and utilize PV modules or solar heating systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A optic is a see-through component that bends light to bring together or diverge rays, forming images. It is commonly used in equipment like camera units, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for better vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the angle between an approaching light ray and the perpendicular line orthogonal to the surface at the point of contact. It controls how light interacts with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a thin layer applied to vision surfaces to reduce glare and increase light flow. It boosts the clarity and luminosity of optical devices by minimizing unwanted reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when two waves meet in a manner that their amplitude levels cancel each other out, resulting in a diminution or complete elimination of the combined wave. This phenomenon usually happens when these waves are not in phase by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | AC refers to an electric current that alternates direction, typically used in power supply systems. The voltage fluctuates following a sine wave throughout its cycle, permitting effective conveyance across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A microinverter is a small device used to transform direct current (DC) from a individual solar module into alternating current (AC) suitable for home applications. It improves system performance by optimizing energy production at the module level and eases setup and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | Alternating current power, or AC power, is electrical energy delivered through a network where the voltage level and electric flow periodically reverse orientation, enabling cost-effective transmission over long distances. It is generally used in residences and industries to operate various appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A direct current connector is a kind of electrical plug used to supply DC power from a energy source to an electronic device. It generally consists of a round plug and socket that provide a secure and trustworthy connection for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Labs is a global protection validation organization that tests and certifies products to confirm they adhere to particular security norms. It supports consumers and businesses recognize trustworthy and safe products through rigorous review and analysis methods. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electronic networks in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current. In this arrangement, the identical electric current passes through all elements, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electronic circuits where components are connected across the same voltage source, offering multiple paths for current flow. This configuration allows devices to operate independently, with the total current split among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | A diode acts as a semiconductor device that permits current to move in one way only, functioning as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a socket, typically 12 volt, created to provide electrical power for various devices and add-ons inside a automobile. It enables users to power electronic devices or operate small devices during on the go. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a protocol for connecting devices to PCs, allowing data transmission and electric power. It accommodates a variety of devices such as input devices, mice, external drives, and smartphones, with multiple versions offering faster speeds and improved functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the portion of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell transforms into generated energy. Boosting this efficiency is essential to optimizing energy production and making solar power more cost-effective and eco-friendly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory dedicated to R&D in green energy and energy efficiency technologies. It is committed to advancing developments in solar power, wind, biomass energy, and additional renewable sources to promote a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses all types of EM radiation, spanning from radio waves to gamma rays, all possessing different lengths and energies. This spectrum is essential for numerous technological applications and natural phenomena, allowing communication, healthcare imaging, and understanding of the cosmos. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays, primarily emitted by the sun. It plays a crucial role in such as vitamin D synthesis but can also cause skin injury and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color design based on variations of a sole hue, using different shades, tints, and tones to create balance and unity. This composition approach emphasizes minimalism and elegance by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Radiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, typically measured in watts/m². It is a crucial parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the intensity of sunlight reaching a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | watts per square meter is a unit of measurement used to calculate the strength of energy or energy flow received or emitted over a defined area, commonly in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in grasping the dispersion and transfer of power across regions, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the span of diverse tones or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or alternatively. It is commonly used to depict the distribution of light or signal bandwidths in multiple scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An air mass is a big mass of air's with relatively consistent thermal and humidity properties, originating from certain source areas. These air masses impact climate trends and sky conditions as they travel over diverse regions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the measure of the power per square kilometer received from the Sun in the form of light. It fluctuates with solar activity and atmospheric factors on Earth, impacting global climate and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in solar energy refers to the accumulation of debris, and foreign matter on the exterior of solar arrays, which diminishes their output. Consistent upkeep and servicing are necessary to reduce energy decrease and maintain best efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when current flow is absent, taken across its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it is unplugged from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the peak electrical current that travels through a circuit when a short connection, or short circuit, happens, skipping the normal load. It presents a considerable safety hazard and can cause damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a measure of the maximum power generation of a solar module under perfect sunlight conditions. It reflects the panel's peak potential to generate electricity in typical testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A electrical potential meter is an electrical instrument used to determine the potential difference between two points in a electronic circuit. It is commonly used in numerous electrical and electronic setups to verify proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a problem in photovoltaic modules where high voltage stress causes a substantial reduction in power generation and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage current and ion movement within the solar cell materials, leading to degradation over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron is a semi-metal element necessary for plant growth and applied in various industrial uses, such as glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It has unique chemical properties that cause it beneficial in manufacturing durable, heatproof materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring ideal tilt and alignment for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand environmental conditions while providing a robust and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A solar power plant captures sunlight using extensive collections of photovoltaic modules to produce renewable electricity. It offers an green energy source, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated practice of utilizing land for both solar energy generation and farming, optimizing space and resources. This approach improves crop production while at the same time creating renewable energy, promoting sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are solar panels able to absorb sunlight from both their front and rear surfaces, boosting overall energy generation. They are typically mounted in a way that allows for increased efficiency by utilizing albedo reflection and bounced sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A solar-powered canopy is a framework that provides cover while generating electricity through embedded solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to blend environmental benefits with useful design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar panel setup is a assembly of multiple photovoltaic modules designed to generate electricity from sunlight. It is frequently used in sustainable power systems to deliver environmentally friendly, eco-friendly power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A patio shield is a framework that provides shade and protection from the weather for exterior areas. It boosts the practicality and visual charm of a patio, making it a comfortable zone for rest and gatherings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the angle between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to represent the position of objects in the sky relative to an observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise a reference heading, usually true north, to the line connecting an surveyor to a destination. It is commonly used in wayfinding, land measurement, and astronomy to specify the direction of an celestial body relative to the viewer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electricity shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to rough climate and potential musculoskeletal injuries pose significant occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a semiconductor material commonly employed in thin-film solar panels due to its superior efficiency and affordability. It exhibits excellent optical characteristics, making it a common choice for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | An directory of photovoltaics companies highlights the major manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions across the globe. These companies are essential in driving solar energy adoption and innovation across multiple markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A GW is a measure of power equal to a billion watts, used to quantify large-scale electricity output and usage. It is typically associated with power plants, national grids, and large-scale power projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | First Solar Inc is a international leader in photovoltaic (PV) power solutions, specializing in manufacturing thin film-based solar modules that deliver high-performance and economical power generation. The firm is focused on sustainable energy development and decreasing the global dependence on fossil fuels through innovative solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology focuses in seamlessly connecting various elements of manufacturing and automation systems to enhance productivity and dependability. It concentrates on creating advanced solutions that promote smooth communication and compatibility among various technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a prominent China's firm specializing in manufacturing and innovating solar photovoltaic items and systems. Famous for cutting-edge technology and sustainable energy initiatives within renewable energy sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of power equal to 1,000,000,000 W, often employed to represent the capacity of massively scaled power production or usage. It highlights the vast power extent involved in current energy framework and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Learning curve effects refer to the effect where the unit cost drops as total output increases, due to learning and improvements obtained over time. This concept highlights the importance of accumulated experience in lowering costs and improving productivity in manufacturing and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics transform sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductor elements, primarily silicon. This system is a environmentally friendly, green energy source that aids cut down reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of generating solar or wind energy is the same as or less than the price of purchasing power from the power grid. Achieving Grid parity signifies that renewable energy technologies are cost-effectively competitive with conventional coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the primary electrical power supplied to houses and enterprises through a network of power lines, providing a consistent source of energy for various appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, based on the country, and is transmitted through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all components of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is vital for ensuring the optimum and reliable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | Sunlight is harnessed from the solar radiation using solar cells to produce electricity or through thermal solar systems to produce heat. It is a renewable, sustainable, and planet-friendly source of power that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in domestic, corporate, and manufacturing sites to generate green, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, delivering renewable energy solutions where conventional power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A catalog of sun-powered goods features a range of gadgets that capture sunlight to produce energy, encouraging eco-friendly and renewable living. These products include covering solar power banks and lights to appliances and outdoor tools, providing flexible options for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | An solar power plant is a installation that converts sunlight immediately into electricity using photovoltaic panels. It is a renewable energy source that supports lowering reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems merge solar panels with other energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV utilize optical lenses plus mirrors focusing solar radiation onto highly efficient solar cells, greatly boosting power output using a smaller area. This technology is highly suitable where intense, direct sunlight plus, it offers a promising approach to reducing the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
