Solar panel | Photovoltaic module act as instruments that transform sunlight into electricity using solar cells. They serve as an environmentally friendly and alternative energy source, decreasing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar energy collector is a system that absorbs sunlight to produce heat, typically used for hot water production or room heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, decreasing reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar thermal energy harnesses solar radiation to generate warmth, which can be used for water heating systems, indoor heating, or power generation. It is a green and sustainable technology that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a beautiful seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a charming blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | The country of England is a historic nation in the United Kingdom known for its wealthy cultural heritage, iconic landmarks, and bustling urban areas like the capital. It boasts a diverse terrain of undulating terrain, historic forts, and bustling urban centers that mix heritage with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Daylight is the environmental light emitted by the star, crucial for living organisms on Earth as it offers fuel for photosynthesis and affects climate and weather patterns. It also contributes to our well-being by regulating our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electricity is a type of energy due to the movement of ions, primarily negatively charged particles. It powers numerous appliances and systems, enabling contemporary living and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts solar radiation directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a renewable power source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are tiny particles with a opposite electric charge that orbit the nucleus of an atom, important for in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | DC is the single-direction flow of electric charge, usually produced by cell packs, electrical sources, and solar cells. It provides a steady voltage or current, causing it necessary for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A power source is a unit that accumulates chemical energy and changes it into electric power to run various digital equipment. It comprises one or more galvanic units, each containing anode and cathode separated by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | A solar power system converts sunlight immediately into power using photovoltaic panels made of semiconductor cells. It is an environmentally friendly energy option that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes renewable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar inverter is a unit that converts DC generated by solar panels into AC fit for domestic use and grid integration. It plays a crucial role in enhancing energy performance and ensuring safe, consistent power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that flips direction cyclically, usually used in residential and commercial power supplies. It permits optimal transmission of electricity over long distances and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, commonly sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that manages the voltage level and current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from excess charging and damage. It provides optimal energy flow and extends the lifespan of the battery bank. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a instrument used to ascertain the extent, volume, or level of something accurately. It includes instruments like scales, climate gauges, and pressure gauges that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a mechanism that instantaneously the orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement during the day, increasing energy absorption. This innovation boosts the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping best sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are huge facilities that capture sunlight to create electricity using many solar panels. They offer a green and sustainable energy source, decreasing reliance on carbon-based fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Solar power from rooftops involves setting up photovoltaic solar panels on building rooftops to create electricity from sunlight. This renewable energy source helps minimize reliance on non-renewable fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-integrated solar power system transforms sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a eco-friendly energy solution. It enhances energy efficiency and decreases reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like burning fossil fuels and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar power satellite is an artificial satellite equipped with solar arrays that absorb sunlight and transform into electrical energy. This power is then sent wirelessly to our planet for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home power storage systems retain excess power generated from green sources or the grid for subsequent consumption, enhancing energy self-sufficiency and effectiveness. These solutions typically utilize batteries to provide backup energy, reduce energy costs, and support grid reliability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The history of photovoltaic cells tracks the development and improvements in photovoltaic tech from the beginning finding of the photovoltaic effect to modern advanced photovoltaic modules. It highlights significant innovations, including the invention of the first silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and persistent developments that have significantly improved power conversion and cost-effectiveness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a Gallic scientist renowned for his groundbreaking work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and luminescent phenomena. His experiments laid the foundation for understanding how radiation interacts with specific materials to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Smith was a British electrician and researcher known for finding out the photoconductivity of Se in 1873. His research formed the basis for the development of the photoconductive cell and progress in early photographic and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an open-source platform used for automated testing of web browsers, enabling testers to mimic user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization of luminescence reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an US creator who created the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His groundbreaking work laid the groundwork for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-powered power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce steam that drives turbines connected to generators. This process releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and enhancing the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work paved the way for modern solar power technology and the manufacture of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a renowned research and development organization long-standing associated with AT&T, known for leading innovations in communications, computing, and materials research. It has been the birthplace of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14, well known for its crucial role in the manufacturing of electronic devices and solar panels. It is a hard, brittle crystalline solid with a bluish-gray shine, primarily used as a electronic component in the tech industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a small component installed on each solar panel to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This technology increases system performance, facilitates better performance oversight, and increases power output in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A photovoltaic cell is a component that converts sunlight straight into electricity through the solar energy process. It is often used in solar arrays to provide a sustainable and eco-friendly energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a sustainable energy technology that provides eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | A photon serves as a fundamental particle representing a quantum of light and other electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy and momentum and energy without possessing rest mass. It has a key role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the phenomenon by which specific substances turn sunlight immediately into electricity through the generation of electron-hole pairs. This phenomenon is the basic foundation behind solar cell technology, allowing the harnessing of solar energy for electricity production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electronics is a fine slice of semiconductor material, typically silicon, used as the base for fabricating integrated circuits. It functions as the foundational platform where integrated circuits are built through processes like doping, etching, and lamination. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used mainly in the manufacturing of solar panels and electronic devices due to its excellent semiconductor properties. Its organized, orderly crystal lattice enables optimal electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of solar power system characterized by their lightweight, pliable configuration, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a more affordable price. They use thin semiconductor layers only a few micrometers thick to effectively turn sunlight into electrical energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the permanent forces exerted by the mass of structural elements and fixed equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as occupants, fixtures, and weather conditions. Both are essential considerations in building planning to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits connect components end-to-end, so the same current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits link components between the identical voltage source, allowing various paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's overall resistance, current spread, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrical energy is the velocity at which electricity flows by an electrical circuit, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. It is generated through diverse origins such as carbon-based fuels, atomic energy, and sustainable sources, and crucial for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A unit of power is a measure of energy transfer rate in the metric system, showing the rate of energy movement or conversion. It is equal to one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electric voltage difference between two points, which drives the flow of electronic current in a circuit. It is measured in V and represents the power per unit charge available to shift electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A electromotive force is the derived unit of voltage, voltage difference, and electromotive force in the SI system. It measures the potential energy per coulomb between points in an electrical circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric current is the flow of electric charge through a metal wire, typically measured in A. It is necessary for supplying electronic equipment and facilitating the operation of electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere is the measure of electrical current in the International System of Units, symbolized as A. It indicates the movement of electrical charge through a wire over a period of time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load is the term for the amount of electrical power or current demanded by equipment and Electrical load in a circuit. It affects the configuration and power of power systems to maintain secure and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction box is an electrical casing used to securely contain wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures structured and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a uniform photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a secure and dependable manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power offers a convenient and consistent method of providing electrical energy to devices through standard ports. It is commonly used for recharging and energizing a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A energy inverter is a instrument that changes DC from sources like accumulators or solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for home devices. It permits the use of regular electrical equipment in environments where only direct current electricity is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | An battery pack functions as an collection of numerous individual batteries created to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically regulate the position of photovoltaic panels to track the sun’s path throughout the day, optimizing solar energy capture. This technology increases the effectiveness of solar energy collection by maintaining best solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a method used to maximize the power output of solar panel setups by regularly modifying the performance point to correspond to the maximum power point of the photovoltaic modules. This procedure guarantees the most efficient energy extraction, especially under differing environmental factors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | An power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to optimize energy output by individually tailored enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by cutting down on energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A photovoltaic performance monitor is a tool that observes and examines the efficiency of photovoltaic panel systems in live, providing valuable data on energy production and system condition. It assists optimize solar power generation by detecting problems early and guaranteeing optimal performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are flexible, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and multi-functional alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in multiple portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Solar cells convert sunlight directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a eco-friendly energy source. They are typically used in solar arrays to generate electricity for homes, electronic gadgets, and entire solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a material composed of numerous tiny silicon crystal structures, typically used in solar panels and chip fabrication. Its creation involves liquefying and restructuring silicon to form a high-purity, polycrystalline form suitable for electronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a premium variant of silicon with a uniform lattice framework, making it very effective for use in solar cells and electronics. Its uniform formation allows for improved electron transfer, resulting in higher performance compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics constitute a type of thin film solar system that provides a cost-effective and high-performance solution for large-scale solar energy production. They are recognized for their excellent absorption capability and comparatively affordable manufacturing costs in comparison with traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic devices are thin-film solar cells that employ a layered compound of Cu, indium, gallium, and Se to turn sunlight into energy efficiently. They are noted for their excellent light capturing effectiveness, bendability, and potential for compact, cost-effective solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a amorphous atomic structure, making it easier to handle and simpler to apply than structured silicon. It is commonly used in solar panels and electronic components due to its cost-effectiveness and adaptable features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Third-generation photovoltaic cells aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing advanced materials and new techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on enhancing energy conversion, lowering costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-junction solar cells are cutting-edge photovoltaic devices that employ several p-n junctions arranged in tandem to absorb a more extensive spectrum of the solar spectrum, greatly enhancing their efficiency. They are mainly employed in space applications and high-efficiency solar power installations due to their superior energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels are essential devices that generate solar radiation into electric power to supply onboard systems. They are typically lightweight, durable, and crafted to function effectively in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are substances composed of two or more elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metal, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as lasers, LEDs, and high-speed transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound semiconductor recognized for its high electron mobility and performance in high-frequency and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV utilize lenses or reflectors to focus sunlight onto superior efficiency multi-layer solar cells, substantially improving energy transformation efficiency. This approach is ideal for massive solar power plants in regions with clear sunlight, delivering a economical option for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Flexible silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and flexible form factor. It offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in BIPV and portable energy devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of CuInGaSe2 as the solar semiconductor, known for excellent energy conversion and adaptability. They offer a easy-to-handle, cost-effective alternative to conventional silicon PV modules with great output in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film is a term for a very thin layer of material, often measured in nm or micrometers, used in diverse technological uses. These layers are vital in electronic systems, optics, and coatings for their distinctive physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a eco-friendly and economical energy solution. They help cut down dependence on fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A layer of material is a layer of substance covering tiny nanometric scales to multiple micrometers in thickness, often applied to surfaces for functional applications. These coatings are used in various industries, including electronic devices, optics, and medical applications, to change surface traits or create specific device functionalities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometers are measurement equal to one-billionth of a meter, commonly used to depict extremely small distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are essential in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for determining structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Measuring tools are precision measuring instruments used to precisely measure minute thicknesses or depths, commonly in machining and manufacturing. They feature a scaled screw system that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon wafer is a thin, round segment of silicon crystal used as the foundation for manufacturing semiconductor devices. It functions as the primary material in the fabrication of ICs and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | CIGS photovoltaic cells are compact solar modules known for their high efficiency and flexibility, ideal for diverse applications. They utilize a layered layered semiconductor setup that transforms sunlight immediately into electricity with excellent effectiveness in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon silicon is a type of silicon used in solar panels, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a grainy appearance. It is recognized for being cost-effective and having a relatively high efficiency in transforming sunlight into power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert sun rays directly into energy using PV cells, providing a sustainable energy source for household, commercial, and utility-scale applications. They provide a environmentally friendly, sustainable, and affordable way to decrease reliance on non-renewable energy sources and decrease carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-activated solar cell (DSSC) is a solar energy device that turns sunlight into electricity using a light-sensitive dye to absorb light and create electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and adaptable alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for transparent and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanoscale semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and conversion efficiency through quantum confinement effects. This technology offers the potential for lower-cost, bendable, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic photovoltaic devices are solar cells that utilize organic materials, to turn sun's energy into electrical power. They are compact, bendable, and offer the potential for lower-cost, broad solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS (Copper is a potential semiconductor compound used in thin-film solar modules due to its plentiful and safe elements. Its favorable photo-electronic properties make it an desirable option for sustainable photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) seamlessly incorporate solar energy technology into the design of building materials, such as roof surfaces, outer walls, and windows. This innovative approach enhances energy efficiency while maintaining visual attractiveness and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to penetrate a material bearing minimal distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency allows light to diffuse through, obscuring detailed visibility but still allowing shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window tinting involves the process of applying a light film to the inside or outside of vehicle or building glazing to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It boosts privacy, enhances energy efficiency, and provides a sleek aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of PV power stations details various large-scale solar energy installations around the globe, highlighting their capacities and positions. These stations serve a crucial role in renewable energy generation and global efforts to reduce carbon pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Solar power facilities are large-scale installations that transform sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels. They are essential in sustainable power creation, cutting dependence on fossil fuels, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental issues encompass a wide range of problems such as waste, climatic shifts, and forest loss that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote eco-friendly methods and protect wild habitats. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from environmentally friendly sources that are renewably replenished, such as sunlight, breezes, and hydropower. It offers a renewable option to fossil fuels, reducing environmental harm and enhancing long-term energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as lignite, crude oil, and fossil gas, are non-replenishable supplies formed over extensive periods and are exhausted when used. They are the chief energy sources for power production and vehicle operation but pose ecological and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various power sources such as carbon-based fuels, atomic energy, and renewable resources into electrical energy. This process typically occurs in power plants where turbines, alternators, and generators work together to produce electricity for grid delivery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are compact, toxic elements such as plumbum, quicksilver, metallic cadmium, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness measures how well a solar cell converts sunlight into convertible power. Enhancing this efficiency is crucial for optimizing renewable energy output and decreasing reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when radiation shining on a metal ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This phenomenon provided significant indication for the development of quantum physics by showing that photon energy is discrete. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Enhanced life testing involves placing products to elevated stresses to rapidly assess their durability and predict their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and boost product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of solar panels has quickened rapidly over the past decade, driven by technological progress and cost reductions. This expansion is revolutionizing the international energy scene by boosting the portion of renewable solar power in electricity generation processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar refers to large solar power facilities built to generate electricity on a commercial scale, delivering power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover extensive areas and utilize photovoltaic panels or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A lens is a see-through instrument that bends light to bring together or separate rays, producing images. It is frequently used in devices like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for better vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the angle between an incoming light ray and the normal line perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact. It determines how light interacts with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a thin layer applied to vision surfaces to cut down on glare and increase light flow. It enhances the crispness and brightness of optical devices by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when a couple of waves meet in a manner that that their amplitudes counteract each other, leading to a decrease or full disappearance of the combined wave. This phenomenon generally happens when the waves are not in phase by 180 degrees. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | AC refers to a type of electrical flow that changes polarity, mainly utilized in power supply systems. The voltage fluctuates following a sine wave over time, allowing effective conveyance over large spans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A microinverter is a miniature device used to convert direct current (DC) from a individual solar panel into AC suitable for household use. It improves system performance by enhancing energy production at the module level and streamlines setup and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC electrical energy, or AC electrical energy, is electrical energy delivered through a system where the potential difference and electric current regularly reverse polarity, enabling efficient transmission over long distances. It is commonly used in homes and commercial sectors to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A direct current connector is a type of electrical coupling used to supply direct current (DC) power from a power source to an electronic equipment. It typically consists of a cylindrical plug and socket that ensure a firm and dependable link for various electronic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a worldwide safety approval body that assesses and endorses products to ensure they adhere to particular security requirements. It helps consumers and firms recognize trustworthy and safe products through thorough review and analysis procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Serial circuits are electronic circuits in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current. In this arrangement, the identical electric current passes through all parts, and the entire voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electrical circuits where parts are connected between the same voltage source, giving multiple paths for current flow. This arrangement allows devices to operate independently, with the total current split among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode acts as a electronic device that allows current to move in one sense exclusively, acting as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An vehicle auxiliary power outlet is a socket, typically 12-volt, created to deliver electrical power for various devices and attachments within a vehicle. It enables users to power electronic devices or use small appliances while on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting peripherals to computers, allowing data transmission and power supply. It supports a broad spectrum of peripherals such as keypads, mice, external drives, and cell phones, with various generations delivering increased speeds and enhanced features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency relates to the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell converts into usable energy. Boosting this efficiency plays a key role in maximizing energy production and making solar power more cost-effective and eco-friendly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy federal research facility dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. It aims to advance breakthroughs in solar power, wind, bioenergy, and additional renewable sources to promote a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses the entire range of electromagnetic waves, extending from wireless signals to high-energy photons, featuring different lengths and energies. This range is essential for numerous technological applications and the natural world, allowing communication, medical imaging, and insight into the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays, primarily produced by the solar radiation. It plays a key role in processes like vitamin D synthesis but can also result in skin damage and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a category of electromagnetic wave with longer wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color design based on variations of a individual hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and accord. This design approach emphasizes clarity and grace by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, usually measured in watts/m². It is a key parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the intensity of sunlight reaching a specific surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | W/m2 is a standard unit used to quantify the magnitude of power or power received or emitted over a particular area, commonly in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It helps in understanding the distribution and transfer of energy across surfaces, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the extent of various tones or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, visible or otherwise. It is often used to describe the distribution of light or signal bandwidths in various scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a substantial body of air with fairly even temperature and moisture characteristics, coming from from certain starting areas. These air masses affect weather systems and air conditions as they move across different zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar power is the measure of the power per unit area received from the Sun in the type of solar rays. It changes with solar phenomena and Earth's atmospheric conditions, influencing weather patterns and weather patterns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Contamination in photovoltaic systems refers to the accumulation of dust, and foreign matter on the exterior of solar panels, which reduces their efficiency. Consistent upkeep and maintenance are important to reduce energy decrease and ensure maximum operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage refers to the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when no current is flowing, taken across its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it has been disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current is the peak electrical current that passes through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, takes place, going around the normal load. It poses a major safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a measure of the highest power generation of a solar array under perfect sunlight conditions. It reflects the array's peak potential to create electricity in conventional testing environments . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an measuring tool used to check the voltage between two locations in a circuit. It is widely employed in different electrical and electronic fields to verify proper voltage levels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a problem in PV modules where high voltage stress causes a substantial reduction in power generation and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage current and ion transfer within the solar cell materials, leading to performance decline over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron serves as a semi-metal element crucial for plant development and used in multiple industrial uses, including glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It has unique chemical traits that make it beneficial in manufacturing robust, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring optimal tilt and orientation for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand environmental conditions while providing a stable and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant harnesses sunlight using vast groups of photovoltaic solar panels to create renewable electricity. It provides an green energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated method of using land for both solar power production and agriculture, maximizing space and resources. This method boosts crop production while concurrently producing renewable energy, fostering sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial photovoltaic cells are photovoltaic devices designed to harvest sunlight from both their front and rear surfaces, improving overall energy production. They are commonly positioned in a way that enhances performance by utilizing albedo mirroring and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar-powered canopy is a installation that provides shade while generating electricity through embedded solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with useful design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar array is a group of numerous solar modules configured to produce electricity from sunlight. It is frequently used in green energy setups to produce environmentally friendly, renewable power for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio shield is a structure that provides shade and cover from the elements for al fresco areas. It improves the practicality and visual charm of a patio, making it a cozy zone for rest and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the measurement between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is employed in astronomy and meteorology to describe the position of bodies in the sky relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise a reference direction, usually true north, to the line linking an surveyor to a target object. It is often used in navigation, land measurement, and astronomy to indicate the bearing of an object in relation to the observer's position. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to rough climate and potential muscle strains pose significant occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a electronic substance commonly employed in thin film solar cells due to its excellent performance and cost-effectiveness. It demonstrates excellent optical characteristics, making it a popular option for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | A catalog of photovoltaics companies features the top manufacturers and suppliers focused on solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies are essential in driving solar energy adoption and advancement across different markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a quantity of electricity equal to one billion watt, used to assess massive power generation production and usage. It is commonly associated with generating stations, power grids, and large-scale energy projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar is a worldwide leader in solar PV energy solutions, expert in producing thin film solar modules that offer excellent efficiency and low-cost power output. The firm is focused on green renewable energy advancement and reducing the global dependence on fossil fuels through advanced solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in effortlessly integrating various components of factory and automation systems to improve efficiency and dependability. It focuses on developing cutting-edge solutions that facilitate smooth communication and interoperability among diverse technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is an top China's firm focused on the manufacturing and development of photovoltaic solar items and systems. Renowned for its advanced technology and green energy projects within renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of power equal to 1,000,000,000 W, often employed to indicate the potential of large-scale power production or consumption. It highlights the vast energy scale involved in modern energy framework and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Knowledge curve effects refer to the concept where the cost per unit of production reduces as total output grows, due to gaining knowledge and optimization achieved over time. This phenomenon highlights the value of stored knowledge in lowering costs and improving productivity in manufacturing and other procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Solar energy convert sunlight straight into electricity through semiconductor substances, primarily silicon. This method is a environmentally friendly, green energy source that aids cut down reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of producing solar or wind energy becomes the same as or less than the price of purchasing power from the electric grid. Achieving Grid parity indicates that green energy technologies are cost-effectively viable with traditional coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity is the primary electrical power supplied to residences and businesses through a system of power lines, providing a consistent source of energy for different appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, based on the region, and is supplied through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all components of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, such as inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is crucial for ensuring the effective and dependable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Sunlight is captured from the solar radiation using PV panels to generate electricity or through solar heating systems to provide warmth. It is a sustainable, eco-friendly, and planet-friendly energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in domestic, business, and factory sites to create clean, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, offering green energy solutions where conventional power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A collection of sun-powered items features a variety of gadgets that utilize sunlight to generate energy, encouraging environmentally friendly and renewable living. These items include ranging from solar energy units and lights to household devices and outdoor gear, delivering flexible solutions for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An photovoltaic power station is a installation that generates sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels. It is a renewable energy source that aids in decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy and limits greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems combine solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to provide a reliable and efficient power supply. They maximize energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and cutting overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics use lenses or mirrors to focus solar radiation on high-performance solar cells, considerably enhancing power output from a compact footprint. This method is highly suitable in areas with bright, direct sunlight and provides an innovative way to lowering expenses related to solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |