Solar panel | Photovoltaic module act as components that transform sunlight to electricity using PV cells. These are an green and renewable energy source, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar heat collector is a system that captures sunlight to produce heat, usually used for hot water production or room heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, decreasing reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses solar radiation to generate thermal energy, which can be used for water heating systems, indoor heating, or electricity generation. It is a renewable and sustainable technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a enchanting blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | England is a historic and historic-influenced country in the United Kingdom known for its rich cultural legacy, iconic landmarks, and lively urban areas like the capital. It boasts a varied scenery of gentle slopes, old castles, and lively city hubs that mix history with modern innovation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Solar light is the environmental light emitted by the star, crucial for living organisms on Earth as it supplies fuel for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by synchronizing our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electricity is a type of power resulting from the motion of charged particles, primarily negatively charged particles. It fuels numerous devices and systems, supporting contemporary living and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts sunlight directly into power using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are subatomic particles with a negative electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | DC is the unidirectional flow of electric charge, usually produced by cell packs, power sources, and solar panels. It provides a steady voltage or current, making it crucial for electronic devices and low-voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A battery is a instrument that accumulates chemical energy and converts it into current to power various digital equipment. It comprises one or more galvanic units, each comprising electrode pairs separated by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | An solar power system converts solar radiation immediately into electricity using photovoltaic panels made of solar cells. It is an green energy solution that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and promotes sustainable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar power converter is a unit that converts direct current (DC) created by solar panels into alternating current (AC) fit for domestic use and grid connection. It is vital for optimizing energy use and providing secure, dependable power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | AC is an electric current that reverses direction periodically, usually used in domestic and commercial power supplies. It enables optimal transmission of electricity over long distances and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, commonly sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that manages the voltage and electric current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from overcharging and harm. It provides optimal energy flow and extends the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A survey tool is a instrument used to determine the dimension, quantity, or intensity of something accurately. It includes gadgets like scales, climate gauges, and pressure gauges that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a system that automatically the orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement across the day, increasing energy absorption. This innovation boosts the efficiency of solar power systems by maintaining optimal sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar power plants are huge plants that utilize sunlight to create electricity using many solar panels. They supply a sustainable and sustainable energy resource, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves placing photovoltaic panels on building rooftops to create electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps cut down on reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-tied solar power system changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a renewable energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to gain potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like fossil fuel combustion and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar satellite is an spacecraft equipped with photovoltaic panels that absorb sunlight and transform into electrical energy. This energy is then transmitted wirelessly to our planet for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions retain excess energy generated from renewable energy or the grid for subsequent consumption, improving energy independence and efficiency. These solutions generally use batteries to deliver backup power, reduce energy expenses, and assist grid reliability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The timeline of solar panels tracks the development and improvements in solar power tech from the initial invention of the photovoltaic effect to modern high-performance photovoltaic modules. It highlights key innovations, including the invention of the first silicon solar cell in 1954 and persistent developments that have substantially enhanced power conversion and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a French scientist renowned for his groundbreaking work in the study of the photoelectric effect and luminescence. His tests laid the basis for grasping how light interacts with particular materials to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Smith was a UK electrical engineer and researcher known for finding out the photoconductivity of selenium in 1873. His work laid the foundation for the creation of the photoconductive cell and progress in early photographic and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an open-source platform used for automating web browsers, allowing testers to simulate user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of luminescence reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an United States innovator who developed the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His innovative work set the basis for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | An coal-fired power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce steam that powers turbines connected to generators. This process releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with identifying the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductors. His work laid the foundation for modern photovoltaic technology and the creation of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a renowned innovative entity long-standing associated with AT&T, known for leading innovations in communications, computing, and materials science. It has been the origin of many groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14, well known for its crucial role in the fabrication of electronic components and solar cells. It is a tough, fragile crystalline material with a bluish-gray sheen, primarily used as a electronic component in the tech industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a little unit installed on each photovoltaic panel to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) locally. This technology improves system effectiveness, enables improved performance monitoring, and increases power output in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar cell is a device that converts sunlight immediately into electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is commonly used in solar panels to supply a sustainable and sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system transforms sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a sustainable energy technology that offers eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | An photon serves as a elementary particle representing a quantum of light as well as other electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy and momentum without having rest mass. It plays a crucial role in the connections between matter and electromagnetic fields, facilitating phenomena like reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The photovoltaic effect is the mechanism by which particular compounds turn sunlight directly into electricity through the production of electron-hole pairs. This phenomenon is the basic foundation behind solar panel systems, facilitating the harnessing of solar energy for power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electronics is a fine slice of semiconductor material, usually silicon, used as the foundation for fabricating integrated circuits. It functions as the main platform where microchips are built through processes like doping, etching, and coating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of solar panels and electronic components due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its organized, orderly crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their light, pliable configuration, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a lower cost. They use strata of semiconductor substances just several micrometers in thickness to transform sunlight into usable electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the permanent forces exerted by the mass of structural elements and stationary equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as people, fixtures, and weather conditions. Both are critical considerations in structural design to maintain safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components in a line, so the identical current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits link components across the same voltage source, permitting several paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's overall resistance, current distribution, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrification represents the velocity at which electric power flows by an electric circuit, primarily for running devices and appliances. It is generated through various sources such as fossil fuels, nuclear power, and sustainable sources, and crucial for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A measure of power is a unit of energy transfer rate in the International System of Units, showing the speed of energy flow or conversion. It is equivalent to one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electric potential difference between two points, which pushes the movement of electric current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and indicates the power per individual charge ready to move electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A volt is the standard unit of voltage, potential difference, and voltage in the SI system. It measures the electric energy per charge unit between locations in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric current is the passage of electric charge through a metal wire, typically measured in amps. It is necessary for supplying electronic equipment and allowing the functioning of electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere serves as the measure of electric flow in the International System of Units, symbolized as A. It indicates the flow of electric charge through a conductor over a time span. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the quantity of electrical power or current demanded by devices and electrical load in a circuit. It affects the layout and size of power systems to guarantee secure and cost-effective energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction enclosure is an electrical housing used to securely contain wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures structured and secure connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 connector is a standardized photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a secure and dependable manner. It features a snap-in design with waterproof sealing, providing durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power offers a simple and uniform method of providing electrical energy to devices through common ports. It is commonly used for recharging and feeding a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A power converter is a instrument that converts DC from supplies like accumulators or photovoltaic arrays into AC suitable for home devices. It permits the use of standard electrical devices in settings where only DC power is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | A battery pack functions as an collection of numerous individual batteries created to store and supply electrical energy for multiple devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically adjust the orientation of solar modules to follow the solar trajectory throughout the 24 hours, enhancing energy absorption. This technology boosts the performance of photovoltaic energy harvesting by ensuring optimal panel positioning. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a method used to maximize the energy production of photovoltaic systems by continuously adjusting the working point to align with the optimal power point of the photovoltaic modules. This procedure ensures the most efficient energy harvesting, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | A power optimizer is a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by separately improving the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A photovoltaic performance monitor is a device that observes and evaluates the efficiency of solar power systems in live, offering important data on power output and system status. It aids optimize solar energy generation by identifying problems promptly and securing maximum efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are lightweight, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a economical and multi-functional alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect, making them a renewable energy source. They are commonly used in solar arrays to supply energy to homes, appliances, and full solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a substance composed of countless minute silicon lattice structures, frequently used in photovoltaic panels and semiconductor manufacturing. Its production involves fusing and recrystallizing silicon to form a pure, polycrystalline type suitable for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a premium variant of silicon with a uniform crystal framework, making it highly efficient for use in solar panels and electronic devices. Its consistent structure allows for enhanced electron flow, resulting in superior functionality compared to different silicon varieties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics constitute a category of film solar system that presents a cost-effective and effective alternative for large-scale solar energy harvesting. They are their great absorption capability and comparatively affordable manufacturing fees versus traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are laminate solar devices that use a layered material of Cu, indium, Ga, and Se to turn sunlight into electricity effectively. They are recognized for their great absorption efficiency, bendability, and capability for lightweight, cost-effective solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous silicon is a amorphous atomic configuration, making it more flexible and simpler to apply than crystalline silicon. It is often used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic devices due to its cost-effectiveness and versatile properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Next-generation photovoltaic cells aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and new techniques such as multi-junction stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, lowering costs, and expanding applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-junction solar cells are innovative photovoltaic modules that utilize several p-n connections stacked in unison to collect a wider spectrum of the solar spectrum, greatly enhancing their efficiency. These are mainly used in space satellites and high-performance solar power installations due to their outstanding energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels serve as crucial elements that generate sunlight into electrical energy to operate onboard instrumentation. Generally lightweight, robust, and built for efficient operation in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metallic element and a non-metallic component, used in fast electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as lasers, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency switching devices compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound semiconductor famous for its high electron mobility and efficiency in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics employ optics or reflectors to concentrate sunlight onto highly efficient multi-layer solar cells, significantly increasing energy transformation efficiency. This approach is perfect for large capacity solar power plants in regions with clear sunlight, providing a cost-effective option for large-scale energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Flexible silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and flexible form factor. It offers a economical alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in BIPV and portable energy devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic cell utilize a thin film of copper indium gallium selenide as the light-absorbing layer, known for superior performance and adaptability. They offer a portable, budget-friendly alternative to conventional silicon PV modules with great output in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film is a term for a fine layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in diverse technological fields. These films are essential in electronics, optics, and coatings for their distinctive physical and chemical characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness solar energy to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a eco-friendly and economical energy solution. They help cut down dependence on fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A coating is a sheet of material spanning fractions of a nanometer to several micrometers in depth, often coated on surfaces for functional purposes. These coatings are used in multiple sectors, including electronics, light manipulation, and medical applications, to modify surface characteristics or engineer certain device functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometric units are measurement units the same as one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to illustrate very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for gauging structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Calipers are precision devices used to exactly measure minute thicknesses or depths, typically in machining and manufacturing. They feature a calibrated screw mechanism that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon disc is a narrow, disk-shaped segment of silicon crystal used as the substrate for fabricating semiconductor devices. It serves as the foundational material in the production of semiconductor chips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide-based solar panels are thin-film solar modules famous for their excellent performance and flexibility, perfect for multiple fields. They use a multilayer semiconductor structure that converts sunlight straight into electricity with excellent performance in low-light settings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a kind of silicon used in solar cells, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is known for being cost-effective and having a comparatively high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar PV systems convert sunlight directly into power using photovoltaic cells, providing a green energy source for residential, industrial, and utility-scale applications. They deliver a environmentally friendly, long-lasting, and affordable way to cut down reliance on non-renewable energy sources and lower CO2 emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that converts sunlight into power using a light-reactive dye to take in light and create electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for clear and portable applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanos semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and energy conversion through quantum confinement effects. This approach offers the possibility for cost-effective, flexible, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic PV cells are photovoltaic units that employ organic materials, to convert sunlight into electric power. They are compact, flexible, and enable more affordable, broad solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a advantageous semiconductor substance used in thin-film solar panels due to its earth-abundant and harmless elements. Its excellent photo-electronic properties make it an appealing option for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics solar-integrated building systems seamlessly incorporate solar energy technology into the design of building materials, such as roof surfaces, outer walls, and windows. This modern approach enhances energy performance while maintaining design elegance and structural performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to penetrate a material with minimal distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency permits light to scatter through, hiding detailed view but yet still permitting shapes and light to pass through. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window tinting involves the process of applying a thin film to the inside or outside of cars or structures panes to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It enhances privacy, improves energy efficiency, and adds a modern aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of PV power stations information various large-scale solar energy facilities around the planet, showcasing their output and locations. These plants serve a important role in green energy generation and international efforts to lower carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are massive installations that convert sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. They play a vital role in renewable energy generation, lessening dependence on non-renewable energy sources, and cutting emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental issues encompass a wide range of challenges such as pollution, global warming, and tree clearing that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote sustainable practices and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Renewable energy comes from natural sources that are renewably sourced, such as solar radiation, breezes, and hydropower. It offers a eco-friendly option to fossil fuels, minimizing environmental impact and promoting lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as bituminous coal, crude oil, and methane, are limited reserves formed over geological eras and are exhausted when used. They are the chief fuels for electrical energy and mobility but pose ecological and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various energy types such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear energy, and sustainable resources into electrical energy. This process typically occurs in electricity plants where turbines, alternators, and generators work together to produce electric current for power distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, toxic elements such as plumbum, quicksilver, metallic cadmium, and As that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar-cell efficiency indicates how effectively a solar cell generates sunlight into usable power. Enhancing this Solar-cell efficiency is crucial for maximizing renewable energy production and decreasing reliance on coal and oil. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when light shining on a metallic surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This event provided critical proof for the development of quantum mechanics by showing that light energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves placing products to higher-than-normal stresses to rapidly assess their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps detect potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The increase of solar panels has sped up rapidly over the past ten years, driven by technological progress and cost reductions. This development is transforming the world energy sector by increasing the percentage of renewable solar power in electricity generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power plants designed to generate electricity on a commercial scale, providing power directly to the grid. These projects typically cover extensive areas and utilize PV modules or solar thermal systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optic is a see-through component that refracts light to bring together or spread out rays, producing images. It is frequently used in equipment like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to control light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the angle between an approaching light ray and the perpendicular line perpendicular to the surface at the contact point. It controls how light behaves with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a delicate film applied to optical surfaces to cut down on glare and increase light flow. It boosts the sharpness and brightness of screens by minimizing unwanted reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in such a way that their amplitude levels counteract each other, leading to a reduction or total eradication of the combined wave. This event typically happens when these waves are not in phase by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | AC refers to a type of electrical flow that alternates direction, mainly utilized in electrical distribution networks. Its voltage varies sinusoidally over time, enabling efficient transmission over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A small inverter is a miniature device used to transform DC from a single solar panel into alternating current (AC) suitable for household use. It boosts system performance by optimizing power output at the panel level and eases installation and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC electrical energy, or AC electrical energy, is electrical energy delivered through a setup where the potential difference and electric current cyclically reverse direction, enabling cost-effective transmission over extended ranges. It is frequently used in households and industries to operate various appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC connector is a kind of electrical coupling used to supply direct current (DC) power from a power supply to an electronic device. It typically consists of a round plug and receptacle that ensure a firm and dependable connection for various electronic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Labs is a global protection approval agency that assesses and approves products to guarantee they meet particular safety norms. It helps consumers and companies find trustworthy and secure products through strict evaluation and examination processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Serial circuits are electronic networks in which elements are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current. In this setup, the same electric current passes through all elements, and the total voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electrical circuits where parts are connected between the same voltage source, providing multiple channels for current flow. This configuration allows devices to operate autonomously, with the total current divided among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | A diode serves as a solid-state device that permits current to pass in a single way exclusively, functioning as a one-way valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An vehicle auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12V, created to provide electrical power for multiple devices and add-ons within a vehicle. It allows users to recharge electronic devices or run small electronics during on the go. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting peripheral devices to computing systems, enabling information exchange and electric power. It accommodates a broad spectrum of devices such as keyboards, pointer devices, external drives, and mobile phones, with different revisions providing increased speeds and upgraded features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the portion of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into electrical energy. Enhancing this efficiency is essential to optimizing energy output and making solar power more cost-effective and renewable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. DOE national laboratory dedicated to R&D in green energy and energy conservation technologies. It focuses on breakthroughs in solar, wind power, bioenergy, and other sustainable energy sources to enable a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses every kind of electromagnetic radiation, spanning from radio signals to gamma radiation, each with different lengths and energies. This band is crucial to many technologies and natural phenomena, allowing data exchange, medical imaging, and comprehension of the outer space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a type of electromagnetic radiation with a wave length shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X ray radiation, primarily produced by the solar radiation. It plays a crucial role in processes like vitamin D synthesis but can also result in skin damage and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Uniform color refers to a color palette based on shades of a individual hue, using different shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and connexion. This composition approach emphasizes simplicity and grace by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, usually measured in watts per square meter. It is a key parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, demonstrating the intensity of sunlight reaching a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | W/m2 is a unit of measurement used to quantify the intensity of energy or power received or emitted over a specific surface, commonly in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in comprehending the distribution and transfer of energy across surfaces, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the range of various hues or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or otherwise. It is commonly used to describe the dispersion of light or signal frequencies in different scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a substantial mass of atmosphere with relatively uniform temp and humidity properties, deriving from from particular starting areas. These airmass impact climate trends and air conditions as they travel over diverse zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the assessment of the power per unit area received from the solar source in the manner of solar rays. It changes with solar cycles and atmospheric factors on Earth, influencing climate and weather patterns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Dirt buildup in solar power refers to the accumulation of dust, and foreign matter on the exterior of photovoltaic modules, which decreases their efficiency. Regular cleaning and maintenance are necessary to limit energy loss and maintain maximum efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage is the maximum voltage available from a power source when no current is flowing, taken across its terminals. It represents the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current is the peak electrical current that flows through a circuit when a short connection, or short circuit, happens, going around the normal load. It poses a significant safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a measure of the peak power generation of a solar panel under optimal sunlight conditions. It shows the module's peak ability to generate electricity in conventional testing conditions . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an measuring tool used to determine the voltage between separate points in a electrical system. It is widely employed in different electrical and electronic fields to ensure proper voltage levels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a phenomenon in PV modules where elevated voltage stress causes a notable reduction in energy production and performance. It occurs due to leakage currents and ion transfer within the photovoltaic materials, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is a metalloid chemical element necessary for plant development and employed in different industrial uses, including glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It possesses unique chemical traits that render it beneficial in producing robust, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring ideal tilt and alignment for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a solid and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A sun-powered power plant harnesses sunlight using vast arrays of photovoltaic panels to produce renewable electricity. It offers an green energy source, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated practice of employing land for both solar energy output and farming, optimizing space and resources. This approach enhances crop production while concurrently creating renewable energy, promoting sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar cells are solar panels designed to harvest sunlight using both surfaces, boosting overall energy production. They are commonly positioned in a way that improves effectiveness by taking advantage of albedo reflection and reflected rays from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a structure that provides shelter while generating electricity through embedded solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with practical design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar array is a collection of multiple solar modules arranged to generate electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in sustainable power systems to deliver environmentally friendly, renewable power for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a framework that provides shade and shelter from the weather for outdoor living spaces. It enhances the functionality and look of a courtyard, making it a pleasant space for relaxation and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the measurement between the vertical direction directly overhead and the line of sight to a astronomical body. It is employed in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of celestial entities in the heavens relative to an spectator. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The azimuth angle is a horizontal angle measured clockwise a reference direction, typically true north, to the line connecting an observer to a destination. It is frequently used in navigation, land measurement, and celestial observation to indicate the direction of an celestial body relative to the viewer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as falls from heights and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to rough climate and potential musculoskeletal injuries pose significant occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a semiconductor substance extensively utilized in thin film solar panels due to its superior efficiency and cost-effectiveness. It exhibits excellent optical properties, making it a common choice for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | A list of photovoltaics companies showcases the leading manufacturers and suppliers focused on solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions across the globe. These companies are essential in promoting solar energy adoption and innovation across different markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A GW is a unit of energy output equal to one billion W, used to assess big power generation generation and usage. It is commonly associated with electricity stations, electricity networks, and significant power projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar is a international leader in solar power solutions, focused on producing thin-film solar panels that deliver high-performance and economical power generation. The organization is focused on green renewable energy advancement and reducing the world dependency on fossil fuels through cutting-edge solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in effortlessly linking various components of factory and automation systems to improve performance and dependability. It focuses on building innovative solutions that promote smooth communication and cooperation among diverse technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is an prominent Chinese company specializing in producing and developing solar-powered solar goods and services. It is known for its advanced technology and sustainable energy initiatives within renewable energy sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of power equal to 1,000,000,000 watts, often used to describe the potential of massive power production or usage. It underscores the vast energy magnitude involved in modern energy infrastructure and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the concept where the unit cost reduces as total output increases, due to learning and improvements gained over time. This concept highlights the significance of accumulated experience in lowering costs and boosting output in industrial processes and other procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics convert sunlight straight into electricity using semiconductor elements, primarily silicon. This technology is a environmentally friendly, green energy source that helps cut down reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of generating solar or wind energy is the same as or lower than the expense of purchasing power from the power grid. Achieving Grid parity indicates that green energy sources are financially comparable with fossil fuel-based coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity is the primary electrical power supplied to homes and enterprises through a grid of power lines, providing a consistent source of energy for numerous appliances. It usually operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, according to the country, and is delivered through alternating current. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all elements of a solar power system apart from the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is crucial for securing the effective and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Sunlight is harnessed from the sun's rays using photovoltaic panels to convert electricity or through solar thermal systems to generate heat. It represents a sustainable, sustainable, and eco-conscious source of power that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are in domestic, business, and factory sites to create clean, renewable electricity from sunlight. They also power remote and off-grid locations, providing sustainable energy solutions where traditional power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A list of solar-powered products features a selection of tools that capture sunlight to convert energy, supporting environmentally friendly and sustainable living. These items include everything from solar energy units and lights to home equipment and outdoor tools, providing flexible solutions for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An solar power plant is a facility that generates sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. It is a sustainable energy source that supports lowering reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems combine solar panels with alternative energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, cutting reliance on fossil fuels and cutting overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV use optical lenses and mirrors focusing solar radiation onto high-performance solar cells, greatly increasing power output from a compact footprint. This approach works well in areas with direct, strong sunlight and offers a viable solution to reducing solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |